| State | Child Restraint Required unless indicated, # refers to Yrs.(Lbs.) |
Adult Safety Belt Permissible unless indicated, # refers to Yrs.(Lbs.) |
Maximum Fine 1st Offense |
| Alabama | <1 (or <20) in rear-facing infant seat; 1 — 4 (or 20 — 40) in forward-facing child safety seat; 5 (but not yet 6) in booster seat | 6 — 14 | $25 + points |
| Alaska | <1 (or <20) in rear-facing infant seat; 1 — 4 (and >20) in child safety seat; 4 — 7 (and 20 — 64 lbs. or <57″) in booster seat | >4 (and >65 or >57″) 8-16 (and <65 or <57″) |
$50 + points |
| American Samoa | <4 | >4 | No data |
| Arizona | <4; 5 — 7 (and <57″) | 5 — 7 (and >57″) | $50 |
| Arkansas | <5 (and <60) | 6 — 14 (or >60) | $100 |
| California | <8 (and <57″) in rear seat if available | 8 — 15 (or >57″) | $100 |
| Colorado | <1 (and <20) in rear-facing infant seat in rear seat if available; 1 — 3 (and 20 — 40) in child safety seat; 4 — 7 in booster seat | 8 — 15 | $82 |
| Connecticut | <1 (or <20) in rear-facing restraint system; 1 — 6 (and <60) in child restraint system; booster seats only w/ a lap and shoulder belt | 7 — 15 (and >60) | $92 |
| Delaware | <7 (and <66) | 8 — 15 (or >66) | $25 |
| D.C. | <7 | 8 — 15 | $75 + points |
| Florida | <3 | 4 — 5 | $60 + points |
| Georgia | <8 (and <57″) in rear seat if available | >57″; >40 lbs. in rear seat can use lap belt if lap/shoulder belt unavailable | $50 + points |
| Guam | <4 in child safety seat; 4-11 (and <4’9″) in child restraint or booster seat | 12 and older (or 4’9″ or taller) | $100 |
| Hawaii | <4 in child safety seat; 4 — 7 in booster seat or child restraint | 4 — 7 (and >4’9″); 4 — 7 (and>40 lbs.) in rear seat can use lap belt if lap/shoulder belt unavailable | $100 |
| Idaho | <7 | Not permissible | $79 |
| Illinois | <8 | 8 — 15; >40 lbs. in rear seat if only lap belt available | $75 ($200 for subsequent offenses) |
| Indiana | <7 | 8 — 15; >40 lbs. can use lap belt if lap/shoulder belt unavailable | $25 + points |
| Iowa | <1 (and <20) in a rear-facing child seat; 1 — 5 in child restraint | 6 — 17 | $195 (including court costs) |
| Kansas | <3 in child restraint; 4 — 7 (and <80 or <57″) in child restraint or booster seat | 8 — 13; 4 — 7 (and >80 or >57″) | $60 |
| Kentucky | <40″ in child restraint; <6 (and between 40″ and 50″) in booster seat | <6 (and >50″) | $50 child restraint; $30 booster seat |
| Louisiana | <1 (or <20) in rear-facing child safety seat; 1 — 3 (or 20 — 39) in forward-facing child safety seat; 4 — 5 (or 40 — 60) in booster seat | 6 -12 (or >60) | $100 |
| Maine | <40 lbs. in child safety seat; 40 — 80 lbs. and <8 yrs. in safety system that elevates child so that adult safety belt fits properly; <11 (and <100) in rear seat if available | 8 — 17 (or <18 yrs. and >4’9″) | $50 (max. $250 for subsequent offenses) |
| Maryland | <8 (and <57″) | 8 — 15 (or >57″) | $50 |
| Massachusetts | <7 (and <57″) | 8 — 12 (or >57″) | $25 |
| Michigan | <7 (and <57″); <4 in rear seat if available | 8 — 15 (or >57″) | $10 for <4; $25 for 4 — 8 and under 4’9″ |
| Minnesota | <7 (and <57″) | >8 (or >57”) | $50 |
| Mississippi | <4 in child restraint; 4 — 6 (and <57″ or <65 lbs.) in booster seat | >7 (or >57″ or >65 lbs.) | $25 |
| Missouri | <4 (or <40) in child safety seat; 4 — 7 (and 40 — 80 and <4’9″) in child safety seat or booster seat; >4 years (and >80 or >4’9″) in booster seat or safety belt | 8 — 16; >4 (and >80 or >4’9″) | $50; $10 for >80 lbs. or >4’9″ |
| Montana | <6 (and <60) | Not permissible | $100 |
| Nebraska | <5 | 6 — 17 | $25 + points |
| Nevada | <6 (and <60) | Not permissible | $500 (min. $100) |
| New Hampshire | <7 (and <57″) | 7 — 17 (or <7 and >57″) | $50 |
| New Jersey | <8 (and <80) in rear seat if available | Not permissible | $25 + court fees |
| New Mexico | <1 in rear-facing infant seat in rear seat if available; 1 — 4 (or <40) in child safety seat; 5 — 6 (or <60) in booster seat | 7 — 17 | $25 |
| New York | <3 unless >40 lbs. and no lap/shoulder belt available; 4 — 7 unless no lap/shoulder belt available | 8 — 15 (or >40); 4 — 7 if no lap/shoulder belt available | $100 + points |
| North Carolina | <7 (and <80) | 8 — 15 (or 40 — 80 lbs. in seats w/out shoulder belts) | $25 + $188 court costs + points |
| North Dakota | <6 (and <57″ or <80 lbs.) | 7 — 17; <6 (and >80 and>57″); <6 (and >40) can use lap belt if lap/shoulder belts unavailable | $25 + 1 pt. |
| Northern Mariana Islands | <5 (or <70) | >5 (or >70) | $50 — $250 |
| Ohio | <4 (or <40) in child safety seat; 4 — 7 (and >40 and <4’9″) in booster seat | 8 — 14 | $75 |
| Oklahoma | <5 | 6 — 12; >40 lbs. in rear seat can use lap belt if lap/shoulder belt unavailable | $50 (up to $207.90 with court costs) |
| Oregon | Child seat required to 40 lbs. or max upper weight limit of seat; rear-facing to 1 yr & 20 lbs; booster seat for children over 40 lbs but < age 8 or < 4’9″ tall | 8-15 (or >4’9″) | $110 |
| Pennsylvania | <7 | Not permissible | $75 |
| Puerto Rico | <4 in child safety seat; 4 — 8 (or <57″) in booster seat; <12 in rear seat | >9 (or >57″) | $100 |
| Rhode Island | <7 (and <80 and <57″) in rear seat if available | <7 (and >80 or >57″); 8 — 17 | $85 $40 (for children between 8 -17) |
| South Carolina | <1 (or <20) in rear-facing infant seat; 1 — 5 (and 20 — 39) in forward-facing child safety seat; 1 — 5 (and 40 — 80) in booster seat secured by lap/shoulder belt (lap belt alone is not permissible); <5 in rear seat if available | 1 — 5 (and >80) or <5 if child’s knees bend over the seat edge when sitting up straight with his/her back firmly against the seat back | $150 |
| South Dakota | <5 (and <40) | 5 — 17 (or >40) | $25 |
| Tennessee | <1 (or <20) in rear-facing infant seat; 1 — 3 (and >20) in forward-facing infant seat; 4 — 8 (and <4’9″) in booster seat; <8 (and <4’9″) in rear seat if available; rear seat recommended for 9 — 12 | 9 — 15 (or <12 and >4’9″) | $50 |
| Texas | <7 (and <57″) | Not permissible | $25 min., maximum unlisted |
| Utah | <7 (and <57″) | 8 — 15 (or >57″) | $45 |
| Vermont | <1 (or <20) in rear-facing infant seat in rear seat unless front passenger airbag is deactivated; 1 — 7 (and >20) | 8 — 17 (and >20) | $25 |
| Virgin Islands | <5 | >3 | $25 to $250 |
| Virginia | <7; children in rear-facing devices must be in a rear seat if available — otherwise, in front only if front passenger airbag is deactivated | 8 — 17 (4 — 7 with physician’s exemption) | $50 |
| Washington | <8 (and <4’9″); <13 in rear seat if practical | 8 — 15 (or <8 and >4’9″); >40 lbs. in position where only lap belt available | $124 to driver if passenger <16; to passenger if >16 |
| West Virginia | <7 (and <4’9″) | <7 (and >4’9) | $20 |
| Wisconsin | <1 (or <20) in rear-facing infant seat; 1 — 3 (and 20 — 40) in forward-facing child safety seat; 4 — 7 (and 40 — 80 and <57″) in booster seat; <3 in rear seat if available | <8 (and >80 and >57″) | $173.50 if passenger <4; $150.10 if passenger 4-8 |
| Wyoming | <8 in rear seat if available | Not permissible | $50 |
| Total States | 50 + D.C., Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands |
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